T/AFFI 008-2021 The cultivation technology regulations for dwarf rootstock integrated planting orchard of Alar apple

Scope

Main technical content: Apples are one of the pillar industries in Alar County, but with the rapid development of the apple industry, a series of problems have arisen in actual production, such as single variety, extensive management, high labor input, low commodity rate, and low mechanization level, which constrain the development of the apple industry. Generally speaking, the main characteristics are as follows: (1) Single variety. Red Fuji apples dominate, failing to meet the needs of various consumers; late-ripening varieties predominate, with few early- and medium-ripening varieties, and a concentrated ripening period, which cannot ensure year-round supply. (2) Outdated cultivation techniques. Unreasonable planting spacing and density lead to dense orchards; significant differences in management and pruning during flowering and fruiting periods; irrigation and fertilization periods are unreasonable, and the scale of water-saving irrigation is insufficient, with most orchards still relying on excessive irrigation. (3) High-density planting. More than 90% of orchards use high-density planting, with a long shaping period, low initial yield, and slow returns on investment, often leading to workers switching to other crops before seeing any benefits. (4) Extensive management. Excessive main branches, dense row spacing, and poor ventilation in orchards result in low photosynthetic efficiency. Pests and diseases are prone to outbreaks in orchards, making operations difficult and the working environment poor, leading to worker dissatisfaction. There is no standardized management system, and workers rely on "experience" to manage orchards. Chemical pesticide reduction is insufficient, with fertilizer still dominating production and organic fertilizer usage low. Workers lack awareness of green pest control, relying primarily on chemical pesticides, which leave high residues and pose threats to soil and water quality. (5) High labor input. Due to dense row

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