T/GDAAV 0211-2025 The standard operating procedures for assessing immune response in poultry cells

Scope

Cellular immunity is an important defense mechanism for hosts to resist infections from pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites, primarily relying on the function of T cells and related immune molecules. Unlike the rapid response mediated by antibodies in humoral immunity, cellular immunity plays a crucial role in pathogen clearance and establishing long-lasting immune memory. Additionally, cellular immunity exhibits broad cross-protective effects, capable of generating effective responses by recognizing conserved antigen epitopes across different virus strains to resist infection from heterogeneous viruses. With the increasing complexity of pathogen mutations and immune evasion, particularly in controlling highly mutable viruses such as avian influenza, enhancing the host's cellular immune response has become one of the key goals in vaccine development. Currently, most traditional inactivated vaccines primarily induce humoral immune responses, i.e., producing antibodies to neutralize pathogens. However, humoral immunity alone is insufficient to prevent the sustained transmission of pathogens, especially when pathogens evade host immune surveillance through antigenic drift or antigenic switch. Therefore, future vaccine development should place greater emphasis on inducing cellular immune responses. Traditionally, the effectiveness of poultry vaccines has been evaluated primarily through antibody level detection and challenge protection tests, with a lack of cellular immunity detection techniques. This document systematically integrates key technical methods for evaluating poultry cellular immunity, covering standardized operational requirements for peripheral blood mononuclear cell and splenic mononuclear cell isolation techniques, cell surface marker detection techniques, in vitro poultry T cell culture techniques, and poultry T cell immune response detection techniques. Against the backdrop of poultry disease prevention and control entering a new era o

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