GB/T 21838.1-2019 Metallic materials—Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters—Part 1:Test method

Scope

This part of GB/T 21838 specifies methods for determining hardness and other material parameters using the instrumented indentation test method on metal materials in the following three ranges: - Macroscopic range: 2 N ≤ F ≤ 30 kN; - Microscopic range: F < 2 N, h > 0.2 μm; - Nanoscale range: h ≤ 0.2 μm. For the nanoscale range, mechanical deformation is highly dependent on the actual shape of the indenter tip, and the contact area function of the testing machine used can significantly affect the calculation of material parameters. Therefore, to ensure the reproducibility of material parameters measured by different instruments within an acceptable range, it is necessary to carefully calibrate the instrument and indenter shape. The macroscopic and microscopic ranges are distinguished by the magnitude of the test force relative to the indentation depth. Note that the upper limit of the microscopic range is expressed in terms of the test force (2 N), while the lower limit is expressed in terms of the indentation depth (0.2 μm). Determination of hardness and other material parameters is described in Appendix A. In the macroscopic range, hardened carbide indenter tips are typically used, as the indenter is prone to damage when the contact pressure is high. For samples with high hardness and elastic modulus, it is necessary to detect possible permanent deformation of the indenter using standard blocks and consider the impact of permanent indenter deformation on the test results. This part can also be applied to thin metal and non-metallic coatings, as well as non-metallic materials. In such cases, it is advisable to refer to relevant standards (see 6.3 and ISO 145774).

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