T/DEFA 001-2025 Technical Specifications for Cultivating Yuan Mushrooms Using Black Agaric Spore Residue

Scope

7.1 Medium Preparation 7.1.1 Cultivation Substrate The main ingredients of the cultivation substrate include black fungus mycelium residue, hardwood sawdust, corn cobs, and other auxiliary materials such as rice husks and bran, which should comply with the requirements of NY 5099. 7.1.2 Reference Formulas Formula 1: Black fungus mycelium residue 50%, sawdust 30%, rice husks (bran) 18%, gypsum powder 1%, and lime powder 1%; Formula 2: Black fungus mycelium residue 40%, corn cobs 40%, rice husks (bran) 18%, gypsum powder 1%, and lime powder 1%; Formula 3: Black fungus mycelium residue 30%, soy straw 25%, corn cobs 25%, rice husks (bran) 18%, gypsum powder 1%, and lime powder 1%; All the formulas have a water content of 55%–58% and a natural pH. 7.2 Mushroom Bag Production 7.2.1 Raw Material Processing Treatment of mycelium residue: Select less-contaminated black fungus mycelium residue. After mechanical separation, grind and dry the residue; Treatment of corn cobs: Grind into particles with a size of 0.5 cm–1.0 cm; Treatment of soy straw: Grind into small segments with a size of 1.0 cm–1.5 cm. 7.2.2 Pre-wetting and Softening of Raw Materials Add appropriate water (or 1% lime water) to soak and soften the sawdust, corn cobs, and soy straw 12–24 hours in advance. 7.2.3 Mixing and Bagging After sieving, add the raw and auxiliary materials to the mixing machine and stir while adding water until the substrate reaches a water content of 55%–60%. Mix thoroughly. Use (16.0 cm–16.5 cm) × (35.0 cm–38.0 cm) polyethylene or polypropylene bags for mechanical bagging, with a suitable bagging tightness and a bag height of 22 cm. Each bag should contain 1.2 kg–1.3 kg of material. 7.2.4 Sterilization For atmospheric pressure sterilization, maintain a temperature of 100°C for 7–8 hours, then incubate for 3–5 hours after turning off the heat. For high-pressure sterilization, maintain a temperature of 125°C for 1.5–2 hours, then cool naturally to 6

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