T/SDDZ 001-2024 Notice of approval of five group standards for chemical analysis of manganese ore and determination of manganese content in mineral phases

Scope

Main technical content: Manganese ore is an important mineral for the development of the national steel industry and plays a crucial strategic role in the national economy. There are over 150 manganese-bearing minerals known in nature, with nearly 30 major minerals divided into six categories: oxides (pyrolusite, brownstannite, black manganese, manganese potassium ore, etc.); hydroxides (hard manganese, hydromanganite, etc.); carbonates (rhodochrosite, manganese calcite, etc.); sulfides (manganese sulfide); silicates (rosy quartz, manganese garnet); and borates (manganese borate). In sulfide deposits, the primary manganese minerals are rhodochrosite (MnCO3), manganese calcite [(Mn,Ca)CO3], and manganese dolomite [(Mn,Mg)CO3], followed by manganese sulfide (MnS), brown manganese sulfide (MnS?), rosy quartz (MnSiO?), and manganese garnet (Mn3Al(SiO4)?) etc., with manganese always existing in a divalent state. Under oxidation zone conditions, manganese minerals mainly include various oxides of manganese as well as small amounts of manganese carbonate and manganese silicate. Due to the extreme susceptibility of manganese sulfide to oxidation, it is extremely rare in oxidation zone ores. Under normal natural conditions, manganese oxides mainly include pyrolusite (MnO2), hydromanganite (MnO3·H2O), brown manganese (3MnO?·MnSiO?) and a very small amount of black manganese (Mn3On), all of which are relatively stable. Due to the extreme instability of manganese monoxide (MnO), there are very few instances of manganese oxide (MnO) in nature. Although there are many types of manganese minerals, only a small portion can be mined and utilized as manganese ores, such as pyrolusite from the oxide category and hard manganite from the hydroxide category. Other minerals like brown manganite, black manganite, and hydromanganite are mixed minerals with low mining and utilization value. The sulfide, silicate, and borate categories, due to their low reserves, have not seen any mining exam

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