GB/T 3481.1-2025 Gears—Wear and damage to gear teeth—Part 1:Nomenclature and characteristics

Scope

This document provides terms for common gear wear and failure modes, classifies, identifies, and describes typical failure modes, and provides information that can help users determine failure modes and assess the degree of change from the initial state in many cases.
This document is based on studies of steel gears, but many of the failure modes discussed also apply to gears made of other materials. However, these failure modes do not fully cover the failures of gears made of such materials as plastic gears, bronze gears, or powder metal gears.
Solutions to many gear problems require detailed investigation and analysis by experts, which is beyond the scope of this document.
This document only defines terms aimed at helping identify and record the morphology and condition of gears after a period of operation. The causes and preventive measures for the various conditions discussed are not explained in this document.
Unless otherwise explicitly indicated, the gears in this document generally include drive gears and driven gears.
This document does not define "gear failure".

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