GB/T 4130.1-2025 Acoustics—Calibration of hydrophones—Part 1:Procedures for free-field calibration

Scope

This document specifies the methods and procedures for free-field calibration of hydrophones and single electro-acoustic transducers that can be used as hydrophones (receivers) and/or transmitters (transmitting transducers). It includes two common calibration methods: absolute calibration using the three-transducer spherical wave reciprocity method; and relative calibration using comparison with a reference device that has already been absolutely calibrated. The maximum frequency range for the methods specified in this document is 200 Hz to 1 MHz. The minimum applicable frequency depends on various factors. For a typical frequency range of 200 Hz to 5 kHz, it mainly depends on the size of the test facility used. For the methods described in this document, the maximum applicable frequency is 1 MHz. The calibration method for hydrophones in low-frequency acoustic pressure fields is specified in IEC 60565-2 [6]. The calibration method for hydrophones at frequencies above 1 MHz is specified in IEC 62127-2 [7]. This document does not include: - Calibration of hydrophones in low-frequency acoustic pressure fields; - Calibration of digital hydrophones and systems; - Calibration of marine self-contained acoustic recorders; - Calibration of acoustic vector sensors, such as particle velocity sensors and acoustic pressure gradient hydrophones; - Calibration of passive sonar arrays composed of multiple hydrophones; - Calibration of active sonar arrays composed of transmitters and hydrophones. This document describes the requirements for test facilities, instrumentation, signal processing, and frequency limitations for free-field calibration methods, and provides rules for reporting the achieved uncertainty and calibration data. The informative appendices provide the following guidance: - Measurement of the directional response of hydrophones or transmitters; - Measurement of the electrical impedance of hydrophones and transmitters; - Electrical loa

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