T/CI 160-2022 Guidelines for the isolation, cultivation, preservation, and application of extremophile fungi

Scope

Scope: This document provides guidelines for the sources, isolation, cultivation, identification, and preservation of extreme environmental fungi (hereinafter referred to as "extreme fungi"), as well as their biotechnological applications. This document is applicable to the isolation, cultivation, identification, preservation, and application of extreme fungi. Main technical content: Extreme environmental fungi are fungi that can grow, develop, and reproduce normally under extreme environmental conditions (such as high/low temperatures, high salt concentrations, high toxin levels, water scarcity, dehydration, low oxygen/anaerobic conditions, and high/low pressure) where ordinary fungi cannot survive. Note: Ordinary fungi typically grow in aerobic environments with a temperature of 22°C to 36°C, a humidity of 95% to 100%, and a pH of 5 to 6.5. Ordinary fungi are sensitive to high/low temperatures, high osmotic stress (high salt and dehydration), high toxins, low oxygen or anaerobic conditions, and high/low pressure, and have poor adaptability. 3.2 Psychrophilic fungi: Fungi that grow optimally at temperatures less than or equal to 15°C and a maximum growth temperature of less than or equal to 25°C. 3.3 Thermophilic fungi: Fungi that grow optimally at temperatures greater than or equal to 40°C and a minimum growth temperature of greater than or equal to 20°C. 3.4 Halophilic fungi: Fungi that grow fastest in environments with a concentration of at least 5% sodium, potassium, and other conventional salt ions. 3.5 Toxin-degrading fungi: Fungi that are suitable for surviving in toxic environments and capable of degrading toxins such as vomitoxin (DON), aflatoxin (AFT), and zearalenone (ZEN) into low-toxic or non-toxic substances. 3.6 Passivate heavy metal fungi: Fungi that are suitable for surviving in heavy metal-contaminated environments and capable of passivating heavy metals, causing their slow oxidation or combination, reducing their ionic state, and thereby alleviat

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