T/CI 142-2023 Guidelines for applicable technologies and operational management of rural toilets in Northwest China's rural areas

Scope

Main Technical Content: This document provides the key points of rural toilet improvement technology in Northwest China, as well as guidelines for the operation and management of rural toilet improvement in the region. This document is applicable to all rural toilets built in administrative villages, natural villages, and scattered households in Northwest China with a daily capacity of less than 500 m3. **Source Separation and Collection Waterless Ecological Sanitary Toilets**: This type of toilet uses source separation urinals to collect feces and urine separately. The fecal waste does not stay in the urinal, but is directly discharged into the fecal collection device (storage tank, septic tank, etc.) via the discharge opening for ecological composting or other resource recovery methods. The urine is stored in a urine tank for subsequent nutrient recovery or directly used as fertilizer after hydrolysis treatment. **Negative Pressure Micro-Water Flush Composting Toilets**: This is an efficient water-saving waste collection and treatment device based on the principle of vacuum negative pressure. It achieves waste collection and transportation with a flush volume of 0.5-1.0 L per use. After collection, the fecal waste is mixed with carbon-based additives and specialized inoculum bacteria, and composted under aerobic conditions to realize high-concentration fecal waste resource utilization and harmless treatment. **Winter Storage Summer Ecological Toilets**: This system uses degradable films as packaging carriers to collect feces and urine separately. The collected waste is packaged using compression bags instead of water flushing. By mechanically clamping and pulling the bags, fecal waste can be automatically packaged in real time without changing people's toilet habits. The waste is stored in winter and recycled in summer, reducing energy losses in resource recovery during the cold winter in high-altitude regions. **Winter-Summer Dual-Purpose Sanita

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